Junipers stand as guardians of history in Alborz Province
The Head of the Department for Habitat Protection and Management at the Alborz Provincial Office of the Department of Environment stated that juniper trees are widely recognized as the green emblem of the province. By thriving within protected areas, these trees preserve a living legacy of Iran’s history in the heart of the mountains.
Hamzeh Mashayekhi, referring to the natural distribution of juniper trees across Alborz Province, said, “Juniper is not only one of the most valuable plant species in the province, but it is also recognized as the province’s official botanical symbol. The presence of ancient junipers within protected areas underscores the ecological significance of this species in the Alborz ecosystem.”
He added, “With its high mountains, floodplains, and diverse climatic conditions, Alborz Province ranks among the richest regions in the country in terms of plant diversity. These conditions provide an ideal environment for the growth of valuable species such as juniper.”
Mashayekhi noted that studies indicate approximately 65 percent of Alborz Province’s land is covered by rangelands, with 17 distinct rangeland types identified. This diversity in rangelands supports the survival of numerous plant and animal species throughout the region, chtn.ir wrote.
He further explained, “The province’s forest cover, which falls within Iran’s vegetative zone, is mostly sparse and scattered, appearing predominantly in the northern areas. Nevertheless, valuable tree and shrub species such as wild pistachio, hawthorn, barberry, wild almond, and especially juniper thrive in these areas, playing a crucial role in maintaining the stability of local ecosystems.”
Referring to the Southern Alborz Protected Area, Mashayekhi said, “Although this region, which spans approximately 64,000 hectares, is primarily rangeland, valuable trees and shrubs, both naturally occurring and planted, are present throughout the area. The presence of junipers here holds not only ecological importance but also provides a unique natural attraction for nature-loving tourists.”
Regarding the environmental characteristics of juniper, he explained, “Juniper, belonging to the cypress family, is an evergreen and resilient tree that grows at altitudes above 2,500 meters. It can withstand harsh winter cold, drought, and water scarcity, which gives it a special and prominent role in the Alborz Mountains.”
Mashayekhi highlighted one of the most remarkable junipers located northeast of Shahrestanak village. “This tree is over 2,800 years old, stands 17 meters tall, and, with its massive trunk, displays a living representation of Iran’s history and natural heritage. Known as ‘Pir Todar,’ it has remained green from the Achaemenid era to the present day, representing not only a natural phenomenon but also a living genetic reserve and a historical legacy. Tourists and nature enthusiasts visiting this tree can experience a rare and profound connection between history and nature.”
Addressing the threats faced by junipers, he said, “Although winter is generally a dormant period for plants, juniper forests are particularly vulnerable during this season. Illegal logging, overgrazing, and uninformed harvesting are among the most serious threats to this valuable species. The law banning the cutting of juniper trees, enacted in the early 1990s, reflects the critical environmental importance of this species and underscores the necessity of its protection.”
He continued, “Educating local communities and visitors about the ecological and historical value of junipers is essential for the conservation of this rare species. Only through increased awareness and adherence to environmental principles can we ensure that these ancient trees are preserved for future generations.”
Mashayekhi concluded, “The junipers of Alborz stand like green guardians in the mountains. With continued and proper protection, they will remain for centuries as symbols of resilience, patience, and the deep connection between nature and Iran’s history.”