Bridging generations through silk weaving in Zavin
he town of Zavin, part of the city of Kalat in Khorasan Razavi Province, is recognized as one of the most important centers of silk weaving in Iran. In 2023, this city was designated as the “National City of Silk Weaving,” highlighting its rich history and diverse culture, with silk weaving being one of its most prominent aspects. The art of silk weaving is considered a vital cultural heritage that not only symbolizes the creativity and artistry of the people in this region but also reflects the deep history and cultural richness of the ethnic groups residing there. Silk weaving in Zavin dates back centuries and has gradually transformed into a significant industry over the years. This art form has served not only as a source of income for many families but has also played a crucial role in shaping local culture and customs. A handicrafts expert noted in an interview with ISNA that Zavin, due to its favorable climatic and geographical conditions, has long been an ideal location for raising silkworms and producing natural silk. Over time, this industry has emerged as one of the economic and cultural pillars of the region, with numerous families engaged in this craft, ISNA wrote.
Essential skill
Marjan Khodsetan remarked that silk weaving is recognized as both an art and an industry that helps preserve local culture and identity. For generations, silk weaving has been seen as an essential skill in the daily lives of Zavin’s residents, often utilized in various ceremonies and celebrations. Kalat, particularly Zavin, is home to a variety of ethnic groups, each celebrated for their unique customs and traditions. This ethnic and cultural diversity is a striking feature of the region, with each group showcasing its distinct clothing and attire during local ceremonies and festivities.
The handicrafts expert emphasized that local attire serves as an important tourism attraction in Kalat, introducing visitors to the rich culture of the area. In Zavin, various ethnic groups, including Turkmen, Kurds, and other communities, coexist harmoniously, each contributing to the region’s cultural diversity with their unique languages, customs, and traditions. This cultural diversity is evident not only in language and customs but also in the realm of arts and handicrafts. Silk weaving has become a common cultural element among these ethnic groups, helping to strengthen social and cultural connections between them.
She pointed out that local attire in Kalat is particularly prominent during special ceremonies such as weddings. She emphasized that the garments produced in this region are not only beautiful and unique but also embody the cultural identity of each ethnic group. Made from natural fibers, these clothes are crafted in diverse designs and colors, especially for use in ceremonies and celebrations.
She described the design of local clothing in Zavin as distinctive, noting that these garments capture the attention of every viewer through their vibrant colors and traditional patterns.
The expert revealed that these outfits typically include long skirts, beautiful blouses, and various accessories that further enhance their beauty. In wedding ceremonies, these garments serve as powerful symbols of the cultural and social identity of the bride and groom, representing joy and liveliness during the celebrations, reinforcing the ties that bind generations and cultures in Zavin.
She added that although most of the clothing produced in Zavin is consumed within the county, some producers update their products to participate in international exhibitions and introduce them to global markets. This effort not only helps increase the income of families but also promotes the culture and art of the region to the world.
In Zavin, there are between 300 and 350 workshops producing local clothing. These workshops create various types of local and silk garments, and their products are admired for their beauty and high quality. Additionally, the creations from these workshops are unique, each reflecting the artistry and taste of local artisans.
Role of women
Khodsetan stated that each silk weaving workshop in Zavin is typically operated by families, which helps preserve family traditions and transfer skills to new generations.
She noted that women play a key role in these workshops and are recognized as the primary artisans and producers of silk weaving. These women utilize their skills to produce beautiful silk fabrics that are used on various occasions. Silk weaving in Zavin is recognized not only as a profession but also as a social activity.
Khodsetan expressed that this industry provides opportunities for both women and men in the region to work together and share their cultural experiences. Furthermore, since the production of local and silk clothing is family-based in this area, it strengthens social and cultural relationships among family members and the community.
Future prospects
One of the challenges facing silk weaving in Zavin is the transfer of knowledge and skills of this industry to younger generations. While many older women are familiar with this art, younger individuals have shown less interest in these crafts. Therefore, organizing workshops and educational courses for the youth can help preserve and develop this art. Some garment weavers in the area believe these workshops can motivate young people to learn these skills and pass them on to future generations.
Khodsetan stated that holding educational courses could include practical skills in silk weaving, design of local clothing, and familiarization with new production techniques. She added that these courses can be conducted in cooperation with educational and cultural institutions, allowing young people to become acquainted with the art of silk weaving and engage in this field.
She emphasized that local institutions can also play an important role in promoting and supporting silk weaving in Zavin. Providing financial facilities, advice, and training to local entrepreneurs and producers can improve production conditions and enhance product quality. Additionally, creating suitable sales markets, facilitating the export of products, and effective advertising can help boost silk weaving in Zavin.
The handicraft expert pointed out that the increasing global attention to handicrafts and traditional arts could be a suitable opportunity for silk weaving in Zavin. With the rising demand for handmade and natural products, this industry could be recognized as an important part of the local and national economy.
She continued by stating that in the future, considering the growing interest in handicrafts and cultural tourism, one can expect silk weaving in Zavin to be recognized more than ever as a tourist attraction. She expressed that this industry could help attract both domestic and foreign tourists and create more job opportunities for the region’s residents.
Ancient art
Khodsetan pointed out that silk weaving in Iran is recognized as one of the ancient and valuable arts. This art is significant not only due to the beauty and diversity of its products but also because of its deep connection to Iran’s history and culture. She regards silk weaving in Zavin as one of the manifestations of this art in Iran, reflecting the taste and creativity of local artists who create valuable works using traditional techniques and unique designs.
This handicraft expert indicated that silk weaving in Zavin is not just an industry but also a cultural heritage that must be preserved and developed through collective efforts. She stated that this art can act as a bridge between generations, helping the youth in the region embrace their cultural roots with pride while also improving their economic and social conditions.
A source of inspiration
She added that considering all aspects of silk weaving in Zavin, this art can be recognized as a source of inspiration for other regions in the country and even globally. She hoped that Zavin continues to move toward development and progress, becoming recognized as a cultural and economic symbol both nationally and beyond.
Given the importance of silk weaving and local attire in Zavin, it is essential that efforts to preserve and develop this art continue and be passed on to future generations.
Additionally, considering the tourism potential of this area, better promoting silk weaving and local clothing can create new avenues for economic and cultural development. Undoubtedly, Zavin, as the “National City of Silk Weaving,” can serve as a model for other regions in the country regarding the preservation and promotion of handicrafts and culture.