Enduring legacy of chigh in nomadic culture
Chigh is the traditional wall covering used by the nomadic people of Ilam Province. This handicraft is skillfully woven by the women of these communities. According to the Dehkhoda Dictionary, chigh is ‘a Turkish word for a shutter-like weave made from common reeds and thin wooden branches, typically hung in front of entrance doors.’ However, it is known by various names in different regions.
The primary materials for chigh are a type of reed and goat hair, sourced from the nomads’ own herds. The reeds, which grow wild in the nomads’ natural habitat, are hollow. Weavers collect the reeds from the banks of nearby rivers. Depending on their diameter, the reeds are divided into three or four pieces, each approximately ten centimeters wide. These pieces are then woven together using colorful spun wool yarn. The women weavers visualize the design in their minds and weave each piece separately before arranging them to create the intended pattern. Since nomads have traditionally lived in tents, chigh has a deep historical connection to the use of tent walls.
Chigh is not only a beautiful and captivating product, but it also serves practical purposes by blocking heat, cold, wind, and dust from entering the living space. The hollow nature of the reeds allows them to function as a natural filter. During rain or cold weather, the humidity causes the reeds to swell and bond together, providing insulation against the cold. Conversely, in hot and dry conditions, the reeds shrink, creating spaces that allow air to circulate. Additionally, goat hair provides strong shade, making chigh an ideal awning. An interesting characteristic of goat hair is its natural ability to repel insects and snakes.
Traditional chigh is adorned with symbolic and diverse motifs and gazelles, crabs, eagle feathers, stars, ducks, and geometric patterns, all inspired by nature and the weaver’s memories. The tools used to create chigh are simple and primitive, including sickles, knives, grinders, scissors, needles, and stitching awls. It is the creativity and skill of the women weavers that elevate these products to a level of artistry. Today, given the versatility of chigh’s design and the adjustable spacing between the reeds, it can also be used as shutters, dividers, wall coverings, and decorative elements in urban homes.