Magnificent Lishtar Dome in Gachsaran, a timeless architectural marvel
A dome is a type of structure and architectural feature that closely resembles a hollow hemisphere. The history of constructing various domes in Iran dates back to ancient times, where they were utilized in the construction of Mesopotamian buildings and tombs. Many domes from the Sassanid period in southwest Iran have also endured. The construction of domes in Iran continued after the advent of Islam. One of the renowned domes from the middle Islamic centuries is the Lishtar Dome, considered one of the attractions of Gachsaran in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province.
Cultural heritage experts believe the Lishtar Dome dates back to the seventh and eighth centuries CE. This beautiful dome, located 30 kilometers west of Gachsaran, on the ancient road connecting Gachsaran to Dogonbadan and Behbahan, was built during the Timurid era. The structure reflects the civilization and architecture of its time and showcases the artistic talents of the architects of that era.
This enduring architectural masterpiece has been registered on Iran’s National Heritage List. The name “Lishtar Dome” is derived from the district in which it is located.
The architecture of the Lishtar Dome is constructed in a stepped manner on an artificial hill. To build the dome, a 35- by 30-meter area, with a higher elevation than the adjacent plain, was flattened, and the foundation of the building was formed on it.
The interior space of the dome is adorned with beautifully intricate geometric designs and embellished with decorations such as honeycomb-shaped muqarnas. The artistic arrangement of the stones and the unparalleled engineering of this dome have made it a lasting architectural marvel through the ages and eras to the present day. This unique and beautiful architecture and decorations have transformed the Lishtar Dome into one of the most visited sites.
A precise document about the main function of the Lishtar Dome is not available, making it difficult to clearly determine its original purpose. Based on other surviving works from the Timurid period and the location of the dome, various possibilities can be considered. It is plausible that the structure was intended as a guide for travelers to easily recognize the main roads. Alternatively, it could have been built as a mausoleum for a notable figure from the Timurid era, as similar structures were found on the tombs of sultans and dignitaries of that time. Some locals believe it was initially the mausoleum of an Imamzadeh.
Constructed from sturdy materials, this dome reflects the depth of art and architecture of its time. The strength of the building materials has ensured that the structure has not suffered any significant damage despite the passage of time. However, the Lishtar Dome in Gachsaran has experienced minor damage due to the passage of time and erosion, resulting in some parts developing cracks.
In recent years, the Cultural Heritage Department of Gachsaran has made efforts to repair and restore this structure, completing the restoration in 2015. Lishtar Dome attracts numerous tourists and enthusiasts of historical and ancient artifacts every year, especially during the Nowruz (early spring) holidays.