Kharlan, a four-time Olympic medallist and world champion, won the individual sabre bout 15-7 and then refused to shake hands with her opponent, instead offering her sabre to tap blades.
Smirnova remained on the piste for over half an hour after the incident, speaking with a number of officials before leaving. In fencing’s rules, shaking an opponent’s hand is mandatory and failure to do so results in a ‘black card’.
“Today was a very difficult and very important day. What happened today raises a lot of questions,” Kharlan said in a video posted on Instagram later on Thursday.
“I did not want to shake hands with this athlete, and I acted with my heart. So when I heard that they wanted to disqualify me it killed me so much that I was screaming in pain.
“I think I understand, like everyone else in this world, in a sane world, that the rules have to change because the world is changing.”
Tennis player Elina Svitolina, and local football clubs such as Dynamo Kyiv and Shakhtar Donetsk have been among the figures who have expressed their solidarity on social media for the 32-year-old fencer.
Ukrainian athletes in other sports – including Svitolina and fellow tennis player Marta Kostyuk – have also refused to shake hands with Russian and Belarusian opponents following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, with Moscow using Belarus as a staging ground for what it calls a “special military operation”.
“We fully support Olga Kharlan in this situation. We are preparing a protest,” Mykhailo Illiashev, president of Ukraine’s fencing federation (NFFU), said in televised comments.
“We will appeal this decision, because the referee who judged this match did not give directly a black card or disqualify her.
“It was only later that the underhanded games began and this disqualification appeared already after the next opponent was determined, already after a judge for the next competition was determined.”
Ukrainian Sports Minister Vadym Huttsait described the incident as “an obvious provocation from the Russian side”.